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First published in 1689, "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" is British philosopher John Locke's important and influential exposition on the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. Arranged into four books, the first book begins by rejecting the notion of innate ideas proposed by Descartes and proposes instead that humans are born as blank slates. Book two argues that all knowledge is derived from experience and reflection. Locke also...
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"Reconstruction in Philosophy" by John Dewey is a groundbreaking philosophical work that challenges traditional modes of thinking and calls for a profound reevaluation of philosophical inquiry. In this transformative book, Dewey offers a compelling vision for reconstructing philosophy to better serve the needs and complexities of the modern world. With incisive intellect and deep insight, Dewey argues for a shift away from abstract metaphysical speculations...
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Arranged and integrated to reveal epistemology, phenomenology, theory of signs, other major topics. Includes "The Fixation of Beliefs," "How to Make Our Ideas Clear," "The Scientific Attitude and Fallibilism," "Philosophy and the Sciences: A Classification," " The Principles of Phenomenology," " Logic as Semiotic: The Theory of Signs," and "The Criterion of Validity in Reasoning."
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This book identifies eight key mechanisms that can transform a set of ideas into a psychological flytrap. The author suggests that, like the black holes of outer space, from which nothing, not even light, can escape, our contemporary cultural landscape contains numerous intellectual black-holes-belief systems constructed in such a way that unwary passers-by can similarly find themselves drawn in. While such self-sealing bubbles of belief will most...
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This book contains all the famous stories, myths, beliefs, and scientific theories divided according to the continental principle.
Not knowing the meaning of one's existence leads to life becoming like a wreck that the winds of circumstances frantically toss against the rocks of depression and meaninglessness.
Man has always wondered and tried to explain how the world was created and who we are. The interest in the first beginning goes beyond reasonable,...
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Why do so many people - sometimes even intelligent people - swallow the preposterous claims of religion? G. A. Wells, the leading freethinker of our time, tries to shed light on this puzzle in his entertaining and enormously learned book, Belief and Make-Believe. Professor Wells begins by analyzing the nature of belief. To dispel popular confusions on the relation between words and thoughts, he compares the thinking process of scientists, laymen,...
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La invención filosófica en el silencio del futuro es una continuación activa del encuentro transdisciplinar con el fin de poner en práctica y reconocer nuestras diversas invenciones filosóficas. Buscando describir gestos de invención, estos se vuelven relativamente independientes de sus tradiciones, sin ser su negación. Este método implica la autonomía del pensamiento, cualquiera que sea el contexto nacional o continental, incluso si no logra...
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Leída las más de las veces desde la estética y, en concreto, desde los aspectos que tanto entusiasmo despertaron en el romanticismo temprano (las categorías de lo bello y lo sublime, la teoría del genio, el papel de la imaginación en la estética, etc.), el problema central de la Crítica del discernimiento desborda, no obstante, el terreno de la filosofía del arte para constituirse en cuestión capital que afecta a la propia unidad de la filosofía...
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Michael N. Forster is professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. His books include Wittgenstein on the Arbitrariness of Grammar (Princeton), Hegel's Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit, and Hegel and Skepticism.
This book puts forward a much-needed reappraisal of Immanuel Kant's conception of and response to skepticism, as set forth principally in the Critique of Pure Reason. It is widely recognized that Kant's theoretical philosophy aims...
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Dice el autor: "Por sobre las dificultades para dar una definición plenamente compartida y satisfactoria de reflexión, la noción que propiciamos aquí (... ) especialmente para efectos de indagación e intervención en teorías subjetivas, incluye entre sus notas esenciales, considerarla: un proceso de examen, por lo mismo, de carácter dinámico; que involucra aspectos cognitivos y afectivos, lo que se relaciona con el significado subjetivo e...
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Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope...
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I begin by providing a personal account of my life and thought processes leading up to and throughout my seeking years. Spurred in large part by the experience of losing my mother at a young age, this backdrop attempts to emphasize why I became so desperate to understand the fundamental nature of reality in the first place. The section following is a discussion of the "pros" and "cons" of enlightenment as it is defined in this work, and as such highlights...
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Detailed presentation of American philosopher's pragmatic concept of epistemology, isolation of realms of existents and subsistents. Chapters include "There is No First Principle of Criticism," Dogma and Doubt," "Wayward Scepticism," "Doubts About Self-Consciousness," "Doubts About Change," "Ultimate Scepticism," "Nothing Given Exists," "Some Authorities for This Conclusion," and "The Discovery of Essence."
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Remarkable for its breadth and profundity, this work combines aspects of psychology, logic, moral philosophy, and history to form a comprehensive view that encompasses all forms of civilization. Its three divisions consist of the subjective mind, the objective mind, and the absolute mind. A wide-ranging survey of the evolution of consciousness.
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Janet Broughton is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley.
Descartes thought that we could achieve absolute certainty by starting with radical doubt. He adopts this strategy in the Meditations on First Philosophy, where he raises sweeping doubts with the famous dream argument and the hypothesis of an evil demon. But why did Descartes think we should take these exaggerated doubts seriously? And if we do take them seriously,...
16) Asentimiento y certeza en el pensamiento de John Henry Newman: Una defensa de la creencia religiosa
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John Henry Newman dedicó gran parte de su esfuerzo intelectual a defender la validez de la creencia religiosa frente los ataques del racionalismo del siglo XIX. Le inquietaba ver cómo sus amigos se dejaban cautivar por el escepticismo generalizado que permeaba las cuestiones religiosas. En su obra filosófica más importante, la Gramática del asentimiento, el Cardenal pone de manifiesto que el problema de fondo es una idea reducida de lo que significa...
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Argues that a pluralistic understanding of truth can foster productive conversations about common concerns involving religion, science, ethics, politics, economics, and ecology without falling into relativism.
In this book, Donald A. Crosby defends the idea that all claims to truth are at best partial. Recognizing this, he argues, is a necessary safeguard against arrogance, close-mindedness, and potentially violent reactions to differences of outlook...
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Duncan Pritchard is professor of philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where he is the director of Eidyn: The Edinburgh Centre for Epistemology, Mind and Normativity. His books include Epistemic Luck and Epistemological Disjunctivism.
Epistemic Angst offers a completely new solution to the ancient philosophical problem of radical skepticism-the challenge of explaining how it is possible to have knowledge of a world external to us.
Duncan Pritchard...
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Richard Foley is professor of philosophy and vice chancellor for strategic planning at New York University. He is the author of Intellectual Trust in Oneself and Others,
Working Without a Net: A Study of Egocentric Epistemology, and The Theory of Epistemic Rationality.
A woman glances at a broken clock and comes to believe it is a quarter past seven. Yet, despite the broken clock, it really does happen to be a quarter past seven. Her...
20) Aristotle
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But we call a man well read if his mind is stored with the verse of poets and the prose of historians, even though he were ignorant of the name of Descartes or Kant. Yet there are a few philosophers whose influence on thought and language has been so extensive that no one who reads can be ignorant of their names, and that every man who speaks the language of educated Europeans is constantly using their vocabulary. Among this few Aristotle holds not...
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